SS-31 (Elamipretide)

SS-31, also known as Elamipretide (MTP-131, Bendavia), is a synthetic tetrapeptide composed of a unique sequence (D-Arg–Dmt–Lys–Phe-NH₂). It selectively targets the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it binds to a lipid called cardiolipin.

This interaction helps:

• Stabilize mitochondrial structure
• Improve electron transport efficiency
• Reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS)
• Enhance ATP (energy) production
• Protect cells from oxidative stress damage

Because of these properties, SS-31 is heavily studied in cardiovascular health, neuroprotection, muscle fatigue, kidney injury, and aging-related mitochondrial decline.

It is a research-use-only compound in most markets, although Elamipretide has also been investigated in clinical settings for specific mitochondrial disorders.